2pcs Tip32c Transistor

🔹 2PCS TIP32C – PNP Silicon Power Transistor (TO-220 Package)

A general-purpose PNP bipolar junction power transistor (BJT) in the standard TO-220 package. It is the complementary pair to the popular NPN TIP31C, designed for medium-power switching and amplification applications such as motor control, relay drivers, and power regulators.

✅ Specifications:

• Part Number: TIP32C (Part of TIP32 series: TIP32A, TIP32B, TIP32C – differing in voltage ratings)

• Type: PNP Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)

• Collector-Emitter Voltage (Vceo): -100V (Max)

• Collector-Base Voltage (Vcbo): -100V

• Emitter-Base Voltage (Vebo): -5V

• Continuous Collector Current (Ic): -3A (Max)

• DC Current Gain (hFE): 10 – 50 (at Ic = -1A, Vce = -4V) – Low gain, requires sufficient base drive

• Power Dissipation (Ptot): 40W (at case temperature ≤ 25°C; requires heatsink)

• Saturation Voltage (Vce(sat)): ~ -1.2V (Max at Ic = -3A, Ib = -0.3A)

• Package: TO-220 (Through-Hole, with metal tab for heatsinking)

• Pinout (TO-220, front view, tab facing you):

  1. Emitter (E)

  2. Base (B)

  3. Collector (C) (Connected to the metal tab)

• Operating Junction Temperature: -65°C to +150°C

• Quantity: 2 pieces

⚙️ Key Features:

• Medium Power Handling: Suitable for controlling loads up to 3A.

• High Voltage Rating: The “C” suffix indicates the highest voltage rating in the TIP32 series (100V).

• TO-220 Package: Easy to mount and heatsink for power applications.

• Complementary Pair: Works seamlessly with the NPN TIP31C for push-pull or H-bridge configurations.

• Robust Construction: Designed for industrial and hobbyist power switching.

📦 Typical Applications:

• Linear Power Supplies: As the series pass transistor in adjustable voltage regulators.

• Motor & Solenoid Drivers: For low to medium power DC motor control (often used in complementary pair with TIP31C for H-bridge).

• Relay & Lamp Drivers: Switching inductive or resistive loads.

• Audio Amplifiers: In the output stage of small class AB amplifiers (with TIP31C).

• General Purpose Power Switching: Any circuit requiring a medium-power PNP switch.

🔧 Basic Configuration (Low-Side Switch):

1. Circuit: The load is connected between the positive supply (Vcc) and the Collector. The Emitter is connected to ground. A current-limiting resistor (e.g., 1kΩ) is connected from a microcontroller pin to the Base.

2. Operation: To turn the transistor ON (saturate it and allow current to flow from Vcc, through the load, into the Collector, and out the Emitter to ground), the Base must be pulled LOW (toward ground) relative to the Emitter. For a PNP, the Base voltage must be ~0.7V lower than the Emitter.

3. Base Resistor Calculation: RB≈(Vcontrol−VBE)/IBRB​≈(Vcontrol​−VBE​)/IB​. Where IB≈IC/hFE(min)IB​≈IC​/hFE(min)​. For a 1A load and hFE=10: IB=0.1AIB​=0.1A. With a 5V microcontroller: RB=(5−0.7)/0.1=43ΩRB​=(5−0.7)/0.1=43Ω. A 100Ω resistor is a safer, common choice to ensure saturation.

⚠️ Critical Usage & Safety Notes:

• HEATSINK REQUIRED: For any significant power dissipation (P=VCE×ICP=VCE​×IC​), a proper heatsink attached to the TO-220 tab is mandatory. The tab is connected to the Collector.

• Low Gain: The low hFE (as low as 10) means it requires a relatively high base current to saturate. Always use a driver transistor (e.g., BC547) or a dedicated driver IC when controlling from low-current sources like microcontrollers.

• Power Dissipation: Do not exceed 40W. In practice, with a typical heatsink, continuous dissipation should be kept below 10-15W.

• Flyback Diode: When switching inductive loads (motors, relays), always use a flyback diode (1N4007) across the load to protect the transistor from voltage spikes.

• Complementary Use: When using with TIP31C, ensure both transistors are on the same heatsink but electrically isolated using mica/silicon pads and insulating bushings, as their collectors (tabs) are at different voltages.